Project AURIONAI Use-Cases Research & Innovation
Google

WeatherBench 2

Global forecast skill (RMSE, CRPS, ACC); successor framework WeatherBench-X

2domainactive
106scores
16models
0independent
106maintainer-run
0vendor-reported

Definition

Version
2
Category
domain
Maintainer
Google
Status
active
Home page
https://sites.research.google/gr/weatherbench/

Sources

  1. WeatherBench 2 sites.research.google https://sites.research.google/gr/weatherbench/
  2. Dash researchsites.withgoogle.com https://researchsites.withgoogle.com/weatherbench/deterministic/
  3. developers.google.com/weathernext/guides/evals https://developers.google.com/weathernext/guides/evals

Scores at a Glance

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2020, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 1

Lower is better for this unit.

1WeatherMesh4
36.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)Google
37.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3Excarta (HEAL-ViT)
38.7 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
39.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
39.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6Fudan UniversityFuXiFudan University
40.1 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7Alibaba DAMOBaguanAlibaba DAMO
41.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8INRIAArchesWeatherGenINRIA
41.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run9Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
44.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run10UCLAStormer (ENS)UCLA
45.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run11ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
47.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run12Keisler (2022)
66.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2020, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 3

Lower is better for this unit.

1WeatherMesh4
113.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)Google
115.7 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3Excarta (HEAL-ViT)
117.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
123.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
124.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6Fudan UniversityFuXiFudan University
125.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7Alibaba DAMOBaguanAlibaba DAMO
127.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8INRIAArchesWeatherGenINRIA
130.1 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run9Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
133.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run10UCLAStormer (ENS)UCLA
134.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run11ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
137.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run12Keisler (2022)
174.7 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2020, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 5

Lower is better for this unit.

1WeatherMesh4
250.7 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
262.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)Google
266.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4Excarta (HEAL-ViT)
271.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5INRIAArchesWeatherGenINRIA
272.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6Alibaba DAMOBaguanAlibaba DAMO
273.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
274.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8Fudan UniversityFuXiFudan University
277.1 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run9UCLAStormer (ENS)UCLA
285.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run10Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
294.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run11ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
305.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run12Keisler (2022)
346 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2020, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 10

Lower is better for this unit.

1Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
606.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)Google
606.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3WeatherMesh4
608.1 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4INRIAArchesWeatherGenINRIA
610.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5Alibaba DAMOBaguanAlibaba DAMO
625.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6Fudan UniversityFuXiFudan University
631.7 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7UCLAStormer (ENS)UCLA
665.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
731.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run9Excarta (HEAL-ViT)
763.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run10Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
778.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run11Keisler (2022)
787 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run12ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
802.7 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2022, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 1

Lower is better for this unit.

1Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)Google DeepMind, Google
32.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2Tianji
33.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3Microsoft AIAuroraMicrosoft AI
38.1 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
38.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
39.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6ECMWFIFS ENSECMWF
40.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
41.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
45 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2022, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 3

Lower is better for this unit.

1Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)Google DeepMind, Google
104.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2Tianji
112.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3Microsoft AIAuroraMicrosoft AI
119.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
120.6 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
124.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6ECMWFIFS ENSECMWF
132.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
136.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
138.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2022, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 5

Lower is better for this unit.

1Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)Google DeepMind, Google
233.1 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2Tianji
250.3 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3Microsoft AIAuroraMicrosoft AI
262.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
264.7 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
270.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6ECMWFIFS ENSECMWF
278.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
304.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
306.2 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE m2/s2, year 2022, 240x121 grid, Z500 day 10

Lower is better for this unit.

1Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)Google DeepMind, Google
583.1 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run2Tianji
599.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run3Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
607.5 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run4ECMWFIFS ENSECMWF
621.9 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run5Microsoft AIAuroraMicrosoft AI
668.4 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run6Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
747.6 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run7Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
799.8 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run8ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
809 RMSE m2/s2
maintainer-run
02505007501,000

Score in RMSE K, year 2022, 240x121 grid, T850 day 5

Lower is better for this unit.

1Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)Google DeepMind, Google
1.348 RMSE K
maintainer-run2Tianji
1.424 RMSE K
maintainer-run3Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
1.477 RMSE K
maintainer-run4Microsoft AIAuroraMicrosoft AI
1.501 RMSE K
maintainer-run5Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
1.555 RMSE K
maintainer-run6ECMWFIFS ENSECMWF
1.603 RMSE K
maintainer-run7Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
1.766 RMSE K
maintainer-run8ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
1.841 RMSE K
maintainer-run
01234

Score in RMSE K, year 2022, 240x121 grid, T850 day 10

Lower is better for this unit.

1Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)Google DeepMind, Google
2.595 RMSE K
maintainer-run2Tianji
2.674 RMSE K
maintainer-run3Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)Google DeepMind
2.693 RMSE K
maintainer-run4ECMWFIFS ENSECMWF
2.761 RMSE K
maintainer-run5Microsoft AIAuroraMicrosoft AI
2.979 RMSE K
maintainer-run6Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)Google DeepMind
3.364 RMSE K
maintainer-run7Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-WeatherHuawei (Huawei Cloud)
3.573 RMSE K
maintainer-run8ECMWFIFS HRESECMWF
3.626 RMSE K
maintainer-run
01234
Where this comes from
Each bar is one model, with its most independent recorded score. Hatched bars are vendor-reported; the word beside each bar says who ran it. Settings and dates differ between rows; the Scores table below has every result.

Scores

106 of 106 scores shown weatherbench-2-scores.csv
ModelScoreWho ran itSettingView or populationDateSource
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)811.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (1st member) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES809 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, IFS HRES vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES802.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, IFS HRES vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather799.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Pangu-Weather (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Keisler (2022)787 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Keisler (2022) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather778.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Pangu-Weather vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Excarta (HEAL-ViT)763.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Excarta (HEAL-ViT) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)751.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, NeuralGCM 0.7 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)747.6 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, GraphCast (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)731.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, GraphCast vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Microsoft AIAurora668.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Aurora (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
UCLAStormer (ENS)665.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Stormer ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Fudan UniversityFuXi631.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, FuXi vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Alibaba DAMOBaguan625.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Baguan vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS ENS621.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, IFS ENS (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
INRIAArchesWeatherGen610.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, ArchesWeatherGen (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
WeatherMesh4608.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, WeatherMesh4 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)607.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, GenCast (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)606.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, NeuralGCM ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)606.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, GenCast (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Tianji599.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, Tianji vs ERA5year 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)583.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 10, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Keisler (2022)346 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Keisler (2022) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)313.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (1st member) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES306.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, IFS HRES vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES305.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, IFS HRES vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather304.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Pangu-Weather (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather294.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Pangu-Weather vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
UCLAStormer (ENS)285.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Stormer ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS ENS278.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, IFS ENS (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Fudan UniversityFuXi277.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, FuXi vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)274.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, GraphCast vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Alibaba DAMOBaguan273.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Baguan vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
INRIAArchesWeatherGen272.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, ArchesWeatherGen (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Excarta (HEAL-ViT)271.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Excarta (HEAL-ViT) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)270.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, GraphCast (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)267.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, NeuralGCM 0.7 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)266.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, NeuralGCM ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)264.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, GenCast (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Microsoft AIAurora262.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Aurora (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)262.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, GenCast (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
WeatherMesh4250.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, WeatherMesh4 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Tianji250.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, Tianji vs ERA5year 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)233.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 5, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Keisler (2022)174.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Keisler (2022) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)139.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (1st member) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather138.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Pangu-Weather (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES137.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, IFS HRES vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES136.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, IFS HRES vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
UCLAStormer (ENS)134.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Stormer ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather133.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Pangu-Weather vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS ENS132.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, IFS ENS (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
INRIAArchesWeatherGen130.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, ArchesWeatherGen (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Alibaba DAMOBaguan127.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Baguan vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)126.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, NeuralGCM ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Fudan UniversityFuXi125.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, FuXi vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)124.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, GenCast (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)124.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, GraphCast vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)123.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, GenCast (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)120.6 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, GraphCast (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Microsoft AIAurora119.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Aurora (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Excarta (HEAL-ViT)117.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Excarta (HEAL-ViT) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)115.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, NeuralGCM 0.7 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
WeatherMesh4113.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, WeatherMesh4 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Tianji112.4 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, Tianji vs ERA5year 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)104.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 3, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Keisler (2022)66.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Keisler (2022) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES47.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, IFS HRES vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
UCLAStormer (ENS)45.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Stormer ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather45 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Pangu-Weather (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather44.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Pangu-Weather vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)44 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, NeuralGCM ENS (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)43.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (1st member) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
INRIAArchesWeatherGen41.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, ArchesWeatherGen (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Alibaba DAMOBaguan41.5 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Baguan vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES41.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, IFS HRES vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS ENS40.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, IFS ENS (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Fudan UniversityFuXi40.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, FuXi vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)39.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, GraphCast vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)39.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, GenCast (mean) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)39.2 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, GenCast (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Excarta (HEAL-ViT)38.7 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Excarta (HEAL-ViT) vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)38.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, GraphCast (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Microsoft AIAurora38.1 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Aurora (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
GoogleNeuralGCM (0.7 and ENS)37.9 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, NeuralGCM 0.7 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
WeatherMesh436.8 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, WeatherMesh4 vs ERA5year 2020, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Tianji33.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, Tianji vs ERA5year 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)32.3 RMSE m2/s2maintainer-runZ500 day 1, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)3.632 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (1st member) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES3.626 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, IFS HRES vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather3.573 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, Pangu-Weather (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)3.364 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, GraphCast (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Microsoft AIAurora2.979 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, Aurora (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS ENS2.761 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, IFS ENS (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)2.693 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, GenCast (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Tianji2.674 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, Tianji vs ERA5year 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)2.595 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 10, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS HRES1.841 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, IFS HRES vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)1.81 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (1st member) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Huawei (Huawei Cloud)Pangu-Weather1.766 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, Pangu-Weather (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
ECMWFIFS ENS1.603 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, IFS ENS (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGraphCast (WeatherNext 1 Graph)1.555 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, GraphCast (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Microsoft AIAurora1.501 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, Aurora (oper.) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindGenCast (WeatherNext 1 Gen)1.477 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, GenCast (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Tianji1.424 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, Tianji vs ERA5year 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Google DeepMindWeatherNext 2 (FGN)1.348 RMSE Kmaintainer-runT850 day 5, deterministic, FGN (oper.) (mean) vs Analysisyear 2022, 240x121 grid10 Oct 2026researchsites.withgoogle.com
Where this comes from
Scores from different settings, harnesses or dates are not directly comparable; the row says which. Sorted by score, highest first, as a reading aid, not a ranking.

To cite this page: Project AURION, AI Use-Cases Research & Innovation, "WeatherBench 2", https://aurion.semai.id/benchmarks/weatherbench-2/, records of October 2026.