R&D Topics
Research topics from the taxonomy, each graded for four tiers that form one pipeline: frontier labs, Indonesian AI labs, institution units such as ITB, and organisations such as SEMAI delivering proof of technology, concept and value.
- 152topics
- 608grades approved
- 0grades proposed
Tier Grades
Tiers: a) frontier AI labs, b) Indonesian AI labs, c) institution units such as ITB, d) organisations such as SEMAI delivering proof of technology, concept and value.
Tier AFrontier AI labs
146feasible
feasible146feasible stretch5stretch not feasible1not feasible
Tier BIndonesian AI labs
92feasible
feasible92feasible stretch45stretch not feasible15not feasible
Tier CInstitution units such as ITB
108feasible
feasible108feasible stretch38stretch not feasible6not feasible
Tier DOrganisations such as SEMAI (PoT, PoC, PoV)
106feasible
feasible106feasible stretch28stretch not feasible18not feasible
Topics
TopicTier ATier BTier CTier DModelsObserved actors
Open-Weight Frontier Releases as Research Substratefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible279







Frontier Pretraining Scalingfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblenot feasible not feasiblenot feasible not feasible133



+4




+4Text-to-Image Foundation Models (Diffusion and Flow Transformers)feasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasible131






Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible130Academia
Integrators
IntegratorsReal-Time Object Detection (YOLO and DETR Lines)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible112



+2



+2Image Classification Backbone Architectures (CNN and Vision Transformer)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible105





Efficiency Architectures (MoE, Sparse Attention, Long Context)feasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblestretch stretch104
Academic groups
Academic groups
Text-to-Video Foundation Modelsfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasible104







Text Embeddings for Semantic Searchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible96



+3



+3Regional or National Foundation Model Training (Continued Pretraining at 7B to 70B)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretchnot feasible not feasible95





Efficient Vision Networks for Mobile and Edge Devicesfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible87





Low-Resource and Regional Language Resourcesfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch83Indonesian NLP community

Reasoning via Large-Scale RLfeasible feasiblestretch stretchnot feasible not feasiblenot feasible not feasible74









Semantic, Instance and Panoptic Segmentation Architecturesfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible65





Domain Adaptation (Vertical Models)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasible62
Academic evaluators
Academic evaluatorsAgents and Tool Usefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible57Frontier labs
Academic benchmark teams
Academic benchmark teams
Large-Scale Zero-Shot Text-to-Speechfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasible53


+5


+5Quantization and Edge Inferencefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible50Academic groups

Image and Video Restoration and Super-Resolutionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible49






Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learningfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasible46

Vision-Language-Action Robot Policiesfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchfeasible feasible43



+7




+7Contrastive Image-Text Encoders (CLIP and SigLIP Lines)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible42

Video Action Recognition and Temporal Understandingfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible42





Scene and Document Text Detection and Recognition (OCR)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible41






Massively Multilingual Speech Recognitionfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchfeasible feasible38



+2




+2Pretrained Bidirectional Text Encodersfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible35


+3



+3Text-to-Text Pretraining and Summarisationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible32


+3



+3Deep Learning Architectures for Time-Series Forecasting and Classificationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible31



+3




+3Generative Image Modelling Methods (GANs, Diffusion and Image Translation)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch31







World Models (Generative Interactive Environments)feasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblenot feasible not feasiblenot feasible not feasible30


Face Detection, Recognition and Livenessfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible29



Medical Image Segmentation and Screening AI (Radiology)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch29



+1




+1Open-Vocabulary Object Detection and Groundingfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible28







Audio Language Models for Speech Understandingfeasible feasiblestretch stretchnot feasible not feasiblefeasible feasible27



+2




+2Document Parsing Vision-Language Modelsfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible27







Image-to-3D and Text-to-3D Asset Generationfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretch27







Instruction-Based Image Editing and Inpaintingfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible27








Document, OCR and Chart Understandingfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible26



+3



+3Industrial Visual Anomaly and Defect Detectionstretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible26





Earth Observation Foundation Modelsfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible24



+4




Real-Time Spoken Dialogue and Low-Latency Voice Generationfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchfeasible feasible24



+3




+3Data Curation and Synthetic Datafeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch23
Stanford-area groups

Stanford-area groupsMachine-Learning Medium-Range Weather Forecastingfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchfeasible feasible23



+4




+4Monocular and Stereo Depth Estimationfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible23








Multi-Object Tracking and Re-Identificationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible23



+1




+1Streaming and Low-Latency Speech Recognitionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible23









World Models (Self-Supervised Video, Robotics)feasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchstretch stretch23



Anomaly Detection and Predictive Maintenance on Sensor Datafeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible21



+3




+3Tabular Foundation Modelsfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible21
Academic group
Academic groupClick-Through-Rate Prediction and Sequential Recommendationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible20



+3




+3Omni-Modal and Unified Multimodal Modelsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchfeasible feasible20



+3



+3Video Understanding with Language Modelsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible19



+3




+3Deep Learning and Gradient Boosting for Tabular Datafeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible18



+1




+1Plantation, Crop and Wildlife Monitoring Visionnot feasible not feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible18







Pretrained Video Analytics for People, Vehicles, Retail and Safetystretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible18




Distillation of Frontier Models into Smaller Onesfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchnot feasible not feasible17



Optical Flow and Local Feature Matchingfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible17









Graph Neural Networks and Graph Transformersfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible16



+3




Keyword Spotting and Audio Event Detection on Microcontrollersfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible16



+2



+2Controllable and Personalised Image Generationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible15



Document Layout, Table Structure and Key Information Extractionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible15





Image Matting and Background Removalstretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible15








Unified Multimodal Models for Understanding and Generationfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretch15






3D Human Body Models, Mesh Recovery and Motion Generationfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblestretch stretch14



Audio-Driven Talking Heads and Lip-Syncfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible14






Massively Multilingual Machine Translationfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible14







Promptable Segmentation Foundation Models (Segment Anything)feasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible14





Efficient Acoustic Encoder Architectures for Speech Recognitionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch13









Universal Machine-Learned Interatomic Potentialsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblestretch stretch13



+5




+5Video Editing and Controllable Video Generationfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible13



+1



+1Biomolecular Structure Prediction and Co-Foldingfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblestretch stretch12



+3


Computational Pathology Foundation Modelsfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretch12







Small-Data Reasoning Fine-Tuning and Distillationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible12


Universities and nonprofits



Universities and nonprofitsTraining-Data Licensing and Content Provenance for Generative Mediafeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible12



Few-Step Distillation of Diffusion Modelsfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible11





Multi-Camera Bird's-Eye-View 3D Perceptionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch11



+2




+2Multilingual and Regional Text Encodersfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible11









Protein Language Models and Generative Protein Designfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchnot feasible not feasible11








Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learningfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible11



Speech Enhancement and Audio Source Separationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible10







Fraud and Outlier Detection on Transaction Datafeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible9



+2



+2General Audio and Music Representation Learningfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible9



+1



+1Joint Audio and Video Generationfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasible9







Probabilistic Ensemble Weather Forecasting with Machine Learningfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchfeasible feasible9



+1




+1Real-Time Road, Lane and LiDAR Segmentation on Embedded Hardwarestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible9








Compact Text Encoders Through Distillationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible8





Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Controlfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible8









Driving World Models and Closed-Loop Simulationfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretch8









Expressive and Controllable Speech Synthesisfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible7



+1




+1Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction and Visual Geometryfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasible7



Image Geolocalisation and Visual Place Recognitionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch7







Oriented Object Detection in Aerial Imagerystretch stretchfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible7







Single-Cell and Cell Imaging Foundation Modelsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasible6







Text-to-Speech for Low-Resource Languagesfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch6






Voice Activity, Turn and Keyword Detectionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible6









Zero-Shot Extraction and Classification with Small Encodersfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible6



End-to-End Driving Policies with Reasoningfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchnot feasible not feasible5



Equivariant Graph Networks for Moleculesfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch5









Interpretability on Small Open Modelsfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch5
Open community (Neuronpedia)

Open community (Neuronpedia)Robot Perception for Manipulation and Navigationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible5





Self-Play Reinforcement Learning with Searchfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchnot feasible not feasible5



Bioacoustic Classification for Biodiversity Monitoringfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible4



Imitation Learning from Demonstrationsfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible4









Kilometre-Scale Generative Downscaling of Weatherfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretch4



Knowledge Graph Reasoning and Relational Foundation Modelsfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible4









Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Learned World Modelsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblestretch stretch4

Plantation and Natural Forest Mapping from Satellite and Drone Imageryfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible4







Speech Recognition for Indonesian and Regional Languagesfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible4









Video-to-Audio and Foley Generationfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible4









Deep-Learning Climate Emulationfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchnot feasible not feasible3





Hallucination and Grounding Detectionfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible3





Mathematical Reasoning and Formal Theorem Provingfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchnot feasible not feasible3



Neural Radiance Fields and Gaussian Splattingfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible3





Reinforcement Learning for Algorithm Discoveryfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblestretch stretchnot feasible not feasible3

Neural Audio Codecs and Audio Tokenisersfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch2







Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible2Academia and industry broadly

Differentially Private Language Model Trainingfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchnot feasible not feasible1

Evaluation and Benchmark Buildingfeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasible1NonprofitsFrontier labsAcademia
Generative Design of Crystalline Materialsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchnot feasible not feasible1

Heliophysics Foundation Modelsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchfeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasible1



Latent Dynamics Models of Neural Population Recordingsfeasible feasiblestretch stretchstretch stretchnot feasible not feasible1



Mechanistic Interpretability, Frontier Scalefeasible feasiblenot feasible not feasiblenot feasible not feasiblenot feasible not feasible1

Alignment and Safety Evaluations (Model Behaviour)feasible feasiblefeasible feasiblefeasible feasiblestretch stretch0

Where this comes from
Definitions, anchors and exemplars from T11 of the research notes. Grades: feasible, stretch, not feasible.






























