time seriesfamily
Kronos
Family of open foundation models for financial candlestick (K-line) data, trained on data from over 45 exchanges, for forecasting price series. Paper by Shi et al. (2025).
Levelfamily
Classtime series
Parametersnot in the notes
Contextnot in the notes
Released2 Aug 2025
Opennessopen weights permissive
Runs onnot in the notes
Statusactive
Lineage
Kronos-mini belongs to this familytime series1 Jul 20254.1M
Kronos-base belongs to this familytime series30 Jun 2025102.3M
Kronos-small belongs to this familytime series30 Jun 202524.7M
Where this comes from
Parent and child relations from model cards, Hugging Face base_model fields and the genealogy tables of the research notes. Confidence and evidence are the notes' own.
R&D Topics
Identity
- Developer
- not in the notes
- Family
- not in the notes
- Released
- 2 Aug 2025 sourcesannouncement page
- Weights published
- –
- Record checked
- 12 Oct 2026
Where this comes from
Developer and dates from the research notes. Release date is the vendor's public announcement; weights date is when open weights were published.
Architecture and Size
- Architecture
- autoregressive Decoder-only transformer over tokenised K-line (candlestick) sequences
- Total parameters
- – sources
- Active parameters
- –
- Checkpoint parameters
- –
- Note
- mini 4.1M, small 24.7M, base 102.3M; large 499.2M not publicly available (model card).
- Context length
- not in the notes
- Input
- time series
- Output
- time series
Where this comes from
Parameter counts as the developer states them. Where the checkpoint holds a different total, both are shown (register A16).
Openness and Access
- Openness
- open weights permissive
- Licence
- MIT License sources
- Access routes
- open weights download
Where this comes from
The licence file governs over registry tags and aggregator labels.
Deployment
- Runs on
- not in the notes
- Footprint
- not in the notes
- Runtimes
- not in the notes
Where this comes from
Deployment tiers and runtimes as named in the notes. Footprint is the notes' figure, not a measurement by AURION.
Indonesia
- Indonesian support
- not stated
- Regional languages
- not in the notes
- Jakarta hosting
- unknown
- Languages
- not in the notes
Where this comes from
Indonesia fields are carried on every model; unknown is an allowed value.
Benchmark Results
The notes record no benchmark result for this model.
Industry Use Cases
No industry use case links this model.
Links
Developersnone recorded
ModelKronostime series
R&D TopicsTime-Series Foundation Models
Use CasesIndustrial Forecasting (Load, Throughput, Demand)IndustrialDemand ForecastingRetail and LogisticsAnomaly Detection on Sensor, SCADA and Historian DataIndustrialEnergy OptimisationIndustrial+1 moreUse cases of models in the same R&D topic; none is recorded for this model itself.
Who Runs It
PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara (AMMAN)In production, 8 Jul 2026
PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan (PHR)In production, 17 Oct 2025MIND IDResearch, 14 Oct 2025
Shenzhen Energy GroupIn production, 23 Jun 2025+4 moreDeployments of these use cases; none names this model.
PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara (AMMAN)In production, 8 Jul 2026PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan (PHR)In production, 17 Oct 2025MIND IDResearch, 14 Oct 2025Shenzhen Energy GroupIn production, 23 Jun 2025+4 moreDeployments of these use cases; none names this model.Sources
- arxiv.org/abs/2508.02739 https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02739
- huggingface.co/NeoQuasar/Kronos-base https://huggingface.co/NeoQuasar/Kronos-base
- github.com/shiyu-coder/Kronos https://github.com/shiyu-coder/Kronos
- huggingface.co/api/models?pipeline_tag=time-series-forecasti... https://huggingface.co/api/models?pipeline_tag=time-series-forecasting&sort=downloads&limit=50
To cite this page: Project AURION, AI Use-Cases Research & Innovation, "Kronos", https://aurion.semai.id/models/neoquasar-kronos/, records of October 2026.